Solar Power


Dr. Robert Stonerock, Renewable Energy Specialist

and ECO-Action Present...

POWER TO THE PEOPLE

A Presentation on Home Power

When:  Most Saturday Mornings at 9 am - 1pm

What:   Slide show on Home Power

  • Comprehensive review of "state of the art" in Home Power
  • Discussion of the future of Home Power
  • Field trip to a working  PV (photo voltaic) installation
  • Question and Answer opportunity

Reasons to attend:

  • Go through the process of what's right for you and what's realistic.
  • Become familiar with the cost of home power and how to justify and reduce the cost.
  • Decide about timing, relative to what choices are available now verses what will be available in the future.
  • Become familiar with the details involved with home power in order to decide how automated (off the grid) you want to be.
  • Become familiar with what you can and cannot do at your home.
  • Avoid costly errors you can make when putting your system together.

Reservations needed. Limited space.

Contact Chelsea - 407-898-3330 for Reservations

Donation:  $25.00 to benefit ECO-Action;

Bring a second person from the same household:  $40.00 for 2


Renewable Energy Power Choices

The fuel prices and the potential fuel shortage during storms has many customers wondering where their power will come from in the future. Many are looking at renewable energy power sources. During Y2K, people were buying renewable sources because they were scared. Now, they're buying them because they're angry. They're sick of paying big corporations for power that may or may not be there.

Energy is the lifeblood of modern society. But, due to the global impact of current polluting energy supplies such as oil, coal, gas and nuclear power, we are at a crossroads. A clean energy future is now urgently needed.

Renewable energy is reliable, inexhaustible power generated by natural processes such as wind, solar, biomass and small-scale hydro. The increased use of renewable energy sources can improve the quality of life, especially in developing countries. Without contributing to climate change, it can provide an affordable and reliable means of getting power to the world's poorest people. It can provide electricity for basic needs such as refrigeration of medical supplies, sterilization, lighting and telecommunications as well as for radios and water pumps.

The total cost of getting renewable energy to the world's poorest 2 billion people is estimated to be less than half of the $500+ billion that is likely to be invested over the next decade in fossil fuel power stations and infrastructure in poorer countries. For just $1.4 billion, clean renewable energy could be supplied to 1 million schools and health care centers, serving some 600 million people.

What does green power / clean, renewable energy mean? How would switching to green sources reduce pollution?

Renewable (green) energy is energy from the sun, wind, plants, heat from the earth, or other sources that do not harm the environment. These sources of energy can be an important part of our energy supply and can help reduce acid rain, smog and nuclear waste.

What is energy efficiency and why is it important?

Energy efficiency means using less energy while achieving the same amount of comfort or service. Major breakthroughs in technology allow us to drastically reduce our energy consumption in our refrigerators, appliances, heating, air conditioning, and just about everything that relies on electricity.

Our energy use has a huge impact on the environment. We may not think of the environment when we turn on our light switch or turn up the heat, but our energy consumption is one of the leading causes of ozone depletion, nuclear waste, global climate change, global warming, and acid rain. The more efficiently we use electricity, the less we pollute and the more money we save.


List of Current Energy Resources-

Renewable and Finite

Biodiesel 
A cleaner-burning diesel fuel made from natural, renewable sources, such as vegetable oil.  Because it is renewable and domestically produced, biodiesel fits well under the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Biogas
Gas produced by Biomass
Biomass
Solar energy that is stored in green plants and other organic matter.  Wood and forest residues, animal manure and waste, grains, crops and aquatic plants are some common living materials grown or produced expressly for use as Biomass fuels.  Biomass facilities burn wood, agricultural wastes, and / or methane gases from landfills to spin a turbine that then generates electricity.
Genetically engineered crops should not be used.  There should be no toxic emissions (eg: result of the use of agrochemicals) from the burning of biomass fuels.
Ethanol
An alternative automotive fuel derived from grain and corn; usually blended with gasoline to form gasohol.
Fuel Cell

Cleaner non-combustive operation, either fueled directly with hydrogen or by another fuel converted to hydrogen by an onboard reformer.  
Since their use in the 1960’s space programs, fuel cells have been improved and are becoming commercially available in products such as cars, computers, cell phones, residential and small business power generators, and large scale stationary power generators. Fuel cells are also potential power providers for computers, credit card processing centers, jails, cellular towers, mining equipment, entertainment complexes, communication centers, navigation equipment, airports, road signs, defense installations, urban transit buses, and even vacuums.
Fuel cells rely on a fairly simple chemical reaction to generate energy. While there are different kinds of fuel cells, all with their own unique characteristics, the general principle is the same across the board. A fuel cell is composed of an electrolyte sandwiched in between two electrodes. Electrodes are charged, usually metal, plates. The electrolyte is the substance that hydrogen protons freely pass through as they move between electrodes. Electrolytes are made of different substances and these different substances usually are what usually give different types of fuel cells their distinctive names.

The production of energy begins when a stream of hydrogen molecules is forced against the first electrode, called the anode, which is negatively charged. This anode forces the hydrogen molecule to split into protons and electrons. The protons are pulled through the electrolyte directly to the other electrode, called the cathode, which is positively charged. The electrons, having taken a different path around the electrolyte, are captured and used as an electrical current. These electrons then rejoin the protons in the cathode where they are both exposed to oxygen. The hydrogen and the oxygen combine to form pure potable water and some heat. [4] Often, through a process known as cogeneration, this waste heat is captured and utilized in the heating and cooling of the facility where the fuel cell is located.

The fuel cell is only one part of a complete standard fuel cell system. There are actually three main parts. These three main parts are the fuel reformer, the fuel cell stack, and the power conditioner

The fuel reformer , usually through a process called steam reformation process that creates carbon emissions -- isolates the pure hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel (methane, ethanol, propane, natural gas, etc.). This hydrogen, although pure, is sometimes referred to as “dirty hydrogen” due to the way it is created. This hydrogen is then put into the fuel cell stack.

The fuel cell stack is any number of fuel cells stacked together to increase the produced energy output. The energy created by the fuel cell stack is in the form of direct current.

The power conditioner , or the inverter, is the mechanism that inverts the direct current produced by the fuel cell into alternating current. The inverting of direct current into alternating current is required for most power applications to work.

Geothermal
To transfer heat from the depth of the earth to the inside of a building.
Hydroelectric

Power obtained from the natural water movement of masses of water.  Hydroelectric power plants convert the energy contained in flowing water, like rivers and streams, into electricity. Low impact hydro plants producing less than 30 Megawatts are often considered renewable sources of electricity.
Larger hydro projects, known as high impact, cause concern because dams can change natural river flows, degrade water quality and block fish migration.

Hydropower currently provides about 10 percent of the electricity generated in the United States - a percentage unlikely to increase dramatically, both because few new sites remain for the construction of large dams and because of general opposition to building large new facilities on environmental grounds.
Over 100,000 families in Vietnam use small water turbines to generate electricity.
Overe 45,000 small scale hydro schemes are being used in China, providing power to over 50 million people.

 
Made with solar/electrolysis or with pyrolysis or with reforming fossil fuel and carbon sequestration.
Manual
Crank - Potentially good fitness tool.
Methanol
An alcohol that can be used as an alternative fuel or as a gasoline additive. It is less volatile than gasoline; when blended with gasoline it lowers the carbon monoxide emissions but increases hydrocarbon emissions. Used as pure fuel, its emissions are less ozone-forming than those from gasoline. Poisonous to humans and animals if ingested.
Ocean Wave / Current
Parabolic Reflectors
Two parabolic reflectors are aligned to demonstrate heat transfer by radiation.  A thermometer or the radiation sensor is placed at the focal point of one of the reflectors. At the other reflector's focal point, a small amount of alcohol is burned, or an object that has been chilled in liquid nitrogen is placed. The temperature will rise or fall depending on whether the object is hot or cold.
Solar 

Harnessing of the sun's present emissions of heat or light.  Can be used for Photo Voltaic and domestic hot water and passive solar heating and cooling.  

Solar power is responsible for wind power. Winds are created when various layers of the atmosphere absorb different amounts of heat and therefore expand differently. Solar power is also responsible for fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal.   These substances are the result of large masses of decaying plant and animal matter, which during their lifetime, absorbed solar energy.  Fossil fuels are merely concentrated stores of solar energy that these plants had while alive.

Solar power is renewable as long as the sun continues to shine.  Estimated to be another 4.5 billion years.   Simple, dependable and safe, requiring no moving parts or fuel.  Silent in operation, it generates pollution-free electricity. Developing countries have installed over 1 million solar home systems.

India has 300,000 solar lantern in use.
There are around 150,000 solar home power systems in Kenya, more than 100,000 in China and 60,000 in Indonesia.

There are several ways to harness this energy: Solar thermal collectors which can produce hot water and warm air for homes and industrial application. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, generates electricity directly from sunlight.

Windmill   / Wind

A clean and renewable source of electric power; world's fastest growing energy source.
There is enough wind resource spread across the six continents to meet the entire energy consumption of the world roughly four times over.
Wind power is already a success story supplying electricity to millions of people, employing tens of thousands of people and generating billions of dollars in revenue.  Generating electricity from the wind cause none of the problems of conventional fossil fuels.

In China, a country heavily dependent on dirty coal energy, wind capacity is expected to double this year to almost 300 megawatts.

Since the early 1970s, the Danish government has encouraged the development and implementation of a strong wind power industry, particularly through use of tax credits and public investment.  More people are employed in the Danish wind industry than in fisheries.

In Mongolia, portable wind generators are already widely used by nomadic herds-people to run lights, radios and other appliances.

Over 50,000 small wind turbines provide electricity in remote rural areas around the world.

American Wind Energy Association