Solar Power
Dr. Robert Stonerock, Renewable
Energy Specialist
and ECO-Action Present...
POWER TO THE PEOPLE
A Presentation on Home Power
When: By Appointment
What: Slide show on Home Power
- Comprehensive review of "state of the art" in Home Power
- Discussion of the future of Home Power
- Field trip to a working PV (photo voltaic) installation
- Question and Answer opportunity
Reasons to attend:
- Go through the process of what's right for you and what's realistic.
- Become familiar with the cost of home power and how to justify and reduce
the cost.
- Decide about timing, relative to what choices are available now verses
what will be available in the future.
- Become familiar with the details involved with home power in order to
decide how automated (off the grid) you want to be.
- Become familiar with what you can and cannot do at your home.
- Avoid costly errors you can make when putting your system together.
Reservations needed. Limited
space.
Donation: $25.00 to benefit ECO-Action;
Bring a second person from the same household: $40.00 for 2
Renewable Energy Power Choices
The fuel prices and the potential fuel shortage during storms has many
customers wondering where their power will come from in the future. Many
are looking at renewable energy power sources. During Y2K, people were buying
renewable sources because they were scared. Now, they're buying them because
they're angry. They're sick of paying big corporations for power that may
or may not be there.
Energy is the lifeblood of modern society. But, due to the global impact
of current polluting energy supplies such as oil, coal, gas and nuclear
power, we are at a crossroads. A clean energy future is now urgently needed.
Renewable energy is reliable, inexhaustible power generated by natural
processes such as wind, solar, biomass and small-scale hydro. The increased
use of renewable energy sources can improve the quality of life, especially
in developing countries. Without contributing to climate change, it can
provide an affordable and reliable means of getting power to the world's
poorest people. It can provide electricity for basic needs such as refrigeration
of medical supplies, sterilization, lighting and telecommunications as well
as for radios and water pumps.
The total cost of getting renewable energy to the world's poorest 2 billion
people is estimated to be less than half of the $500+ billion that is likely
to be invested over the next decade in fossil fuel power stations and infrastructure
in poorer countries. For just $1.4 billion, clean renewable energy could
be supplied to 1 million schools and health care centers, serving some 600
million people.
What does green power / clean, renewable energy mean?
How would switching to green sources reduce pollution?
Renewable (green) energy is energy from the sun, wind, plants, heat from
the earth, or other sources that do not harm the environment. These sources
of energy can be an important part of our energy supply and can help reduce
acid rain, smog and nuclear waste.
What is energy efficiency
and why is it important?
Energy efficiency means using less energy while achieving the same amount
of comfort or service. Major breakthroughs in technology allow us to drastically
reduce our energy consumption in our refrigerators, appliances, heating,
air conditioning, and just about everything that relies on electricity.
Our energy use has a huge impact on the environment. We may not think of
the environment when we turn on our light switch or turn up the heat, but
our energy consumption is one of the leading causes of ozone depletion,
nuclear waste, global climate change, global warming, and acid rain. The
more efficiently we use electricity, the less we pollute and the more money
we save.
List of Current Energy Resources-
Renewable and Finite
| Biodiesel
|
A cleaner-burning
diesel fuel made from natural, renewable sources, such as vegetable
oil. Because it is renewable and domestically produced, biodiesel
fits well under the Energy Policy Act of 1992. |
|
Biogas |
Gas produced by Biomass
|
|
Biomass |
Solar energy
that is stored in green plants and other organic matter. Wood
and forest residues, animal manure and waste, grains, crops and aquatic
plants are some common living materials grown or produced expressly
for use as Biomass fuels. Biomass facilities burn wood, agricultural
wastes, and / or methane gases from landfills to spin a turbine that
then generates electricity.
Genetically engineered crops should not be used. There should
be no toxic emissions (eg: result of the use of agrochemicals) from
the burning of biomass fuels.
|
|
Ethanol |
An alternative automotive
fuel derived from grain and corn; usually blended with gasoline to
form gasohol. |
|
Fuel Cell |
Cleaner non-combustive
operation, either fueled directly with hydrogen or by another fuel
converted to hydrogen by an onboard reformer.
Since their use in the 1960’s space programs, fuel cells have been
improved and are becoming commercially available in products such
as cars, computers, cell phones, residential and small business power
generators, and large scale stationary power generators. Fuel cells
are also potential power providers for computers, credit card processing
centers, jails, cellular towers, mining equipment, entertainment complexes,
communication centers, navigation equipment, airports, road signs,
defense installations, urban transit buses, and even vacuums.
Fuel cells rely on a fairly simple chemical reaction to generate energy.
While there are different kinds of fuel cells, all with their own
unique characteristics, the general principle is the same across the
board. A fuel cell is composed of an electrolyte sandwiched in between
two electrodes. Electrodes are charged, usually metal, plates. The
electrolyte is the substance that hydrogen protons freely pass through
as they move between electrodes. Electrolytes are made of different
substances and these different substances usually are what usually
give different types of fuel cells their distinctive names.
The production of energy begins when a stream of hydrogen
molecules is forced against the first electrode, called the anode,
which is negatively charged. This anode forces the hydrogen molecule
to split into protons and electrons. The protons are pulled through
the electrolyte directly to the other electrode, called the cathode,
which is positively charged. The electrons, having taken a different
path around the electrolyte, are captured and used as an electrical
current. These electrons then rejoin the protons in the cathode where
they are both exposed to oxygen. The hydrogen and the oxygen combine
to form pure potable water and some heat. [4] Often, through a process
known as cogeneration, this waste heat is captured and utilized in
the heating and cooling of the facility where the fuel cell is located.
The fuel cell is only one part of a complete standard
fuel cell system. There are actually three main parts. These three
main parts are the fuel reformer, the fuel cell stack, and the power
conditioner
The fuel reformer , usually through a process called
steam reformation process that creates carbon emissions -- isolates
the pure hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel (methane, ethanol, propane,
natural gas, etc.). This hydrogen, although pure, is sometimes referred
to as “dirty hydrogen” due to the way it is created. This hydrogen
is then put into the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell stack is any number of fuel cells stacked
together to increase the produced energy output. The energy created
by the fuel cell stack is in the form of direct current.
The power conditioner , or the inverter, is the mechanism
that inverts the direct current produced by the fuel cell into alternating
current. The inverting of direct current into alternating current
is required for most power applications to work. |
|
Geothermal |
To transfer heat from the
depth of the earth to the inside of a building. |
|
Hydroelectric |
Power obtained
from the natural water movement of masses of water. Hydroelectric
power plants convert the energy contained in flowing water, like rivers
and streams, into electricity. Low impact hydro plants producing less
than 30 Megawatts are often considered renewable sources of electricity.
Larger hydro projects, known as high impact, cause concern because
dams can change natural river flows, degrade water quality and block
fish migration.
Hydropower currently provides about 10 percent of the
electricity generated in the United States - a percentage unlikely
to increase dramatically, both because few new sites remain for the
construction of large dams and because of general opposition to building
large new facilities on environmental grounds.
Over 100,000 families in Vietnam use small water turbines to generate
electricity.
Overe 45,000 small scale hydro schemes are being used in China, providing
power to over 50 million people. |
|
|
Made with solar/electrolysis
or with pyrolysis or with reforming fossil fuel and carbon sequestration.
|
|
Manual |
Crank - Potentially good fitness
tool. |
|
Methanol |
An alcohol that can be
used as an alternative fuel or as a gasoline additive. It is less
volatile than gasoline; when blended with gasoline it lowers the carbon
monoxide emissions but increases hydrocarbon emissions. Used as pure
fuel, its emissions are less ozone-forming than those from gasoline.
Poisonous to humans and animals if ingested. |
|
Ocean Wave / Current |
|
| Parabolic
Reflectors |
Two parabolic
reflectors are aligned to demonstrate heat transfer by radiation.
A thermometer or the radiation sensor is placed at the focal
point of one of the reflectors. At the other reflector's focal point,
a small amount of alcohol is burned, or an object that has been chilled
in liquid nitrogen is placed. The temperature will rise or fall depending
on whether the object is hot or cold. |
|
Harnessing
of the sun's present emissions of heat or light. Can be used
for Photo Voltaic and domestic hot water and passive solar heating
and cooling.
Solar power is responsible for wind power. Winds are
created when various layers of the atmosphere absorb different amounts
of heat and therefore expand differently. Solar power is also responsible
for fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. These substances
are the result of large masses of decaying plant and animal matter,
which during their lifetime, absorbed solar energy. Fossil fuels
are merely concentrated stores of solar energy that these plants had
while alive.
Solar power is renewable as long as the sun continues
to shine. Estimated to be another 4.5 billion years. Simple,
dependable and safe, requiring no moving parts or fuel. Silent
in operation, it generates pollution-free electricity. Developing
countries have installed over 1 million solar home systems.
India has 300,000 solar lantern in use.
There are around 150,000 solar home power systems in Kenya, more than
100,000 in China and 60,000 in Indonesia.
There are several ways to harness this energy: Solar
thermal collectors which can produce hot water and warm air for homes
and industrial application. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, generates
electricity directly from sunlight.
|
|
Windmill / Wind |
A clean and
renewable source of electric power; world's fastest growing energy
source.
There is enough wind resource spread across the six continents to
meet the entire energy consumption of the world roughly four times
over.
Wind power is already a success story supplying electricity to millions
of people, employing tens of thousands of people and generating billions
of dollars in revenue. Generating electricity from the wind
cause none of the problems of conventional fossil fuels.
In China, a country heavily dependent on dirty coal
energy, wind capacity is expected to double this year to almost 300
megawatts.
Since the early 1970s, the Danish government has encouraged
the development and implementation of a strong wind power industry,
particularly through use of tax credits and public investment. More
people are employed in the Danish wind industry than in fisheries.
In Mongolia, portable wind generators are already widely
used by nomadic herds-people to run lights, radios and other appliances.
Over 50,000 small wind turbines provide electricity
in remote rural areas around the world.
American Wind Energy Association
|